Phyllocladaceae

Trees or shrubs that often have whorled branches. Instead of leaves this family is has cladodes, which are flattened branchlets that are leaf like in appearance. The male cones are in fascicles, the female are on the cladode edges. The fruit is a nut sitting in a cup shaped envelope.

Phyllocladus

This is the only genus in the Phyllocladaceae. It contains seven species found in Tasmania, eastern Malyasia and New Zealand. New Zealand has three endemic species, P. trichomanoides (tanekaha, celery pine), P. toatoa (toatoa, =P. glaucus) and P. alpinus (mountain toatoa =P. aspleniifolius var. alpinus), as well as a further three undescribed taxa Phyllocladus "lowland", Phyllocladus aff. alpinus (lowland) and Phyllocladus aff. alpinus (Surville Cliffs). Modified from Allan (1961).

Note that some authors do not recognise this family and include Phyllocladus within the Podocarpaceae.

Foliage from two of the New Zealand Phyllocladus species and a hybrid, from left to right: P. toatoa, hybrid, P. trichomanoides.

Left: foliage of P. alpinus; right, close on the end of the stem, showing male cones

KEYS

Families

Allan, H.H. 1961: Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, Government Printer, Wellington.

Poole, A. L. & N. M. Adams 1994: Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington.

Genera in Podocarpaceae

Connor, H.E. & Edgar, E. 1987: Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1993-1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany 25(1): 115-170.

Quinn, C.J. 1982: Taxonomy of Dacrydium Sol. ex Lamb. emend. de Laub. (Podocarpaceae). Australian Journal of Botany30: 311-320.

References

Allan, H.H. 1961: Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, Government Printer, Wellington.

Connor, H.E. & Edgar, E. 1987: Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1993-1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany 25(1): 115-170.

Markham, K.R., R.F. Webby, B.P.J. Molloy & C. Vilian 1989: Support from flavonoid glycoside distribution for the division of Dacrydium sense lato. New Zealand Journal of Botany 27: 1-11.

Molloy, B. P. J. 1996: A new species name in Phyllocladus (Phyllocladaceae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 34(3):287-297.

Molloy, B. P. J. 1996: Manoao (Podocarpaceae), a new monotypic conifer genus endemic to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 183-201.

Molloy, B. P. J. & K. R. Markham 1999: A contribution to the taxonomy of Phyllocladus (Phyllocladaceae) from the distribution of key flavonoids. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 37(3):375-382.

Poole, A. L. & N. M. Adams 1994: Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington.

Quinn, C.J. 1982: Taxonomy of Dacrydium Sol. ex Lamb. emend. de Laub. (Podocarpaceae). Australian Journal of Botany30: 311-320

Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes & P.J. Garnock-Jones 1988: Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV, DSIR Wellington.

Bobrov, A.V.CH., A.P. Melikian, & E.YU. Yembaturova 1999: Seed morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of Phyllocladus L.C. & A. Rich. ex Mirb. (Phyllocladaceae (Pilg.) Bessy) in connection with the generic system and phylogeny. Annals of Botany 83: 601-618.