Gymnosperms

All native New Zealand gymnosperms are in the division Pinophyta, which contains most of the genera and species. Most of the Pinophyta are tall woody trees with extensive secondary growth composed of trachieds but lacking vessels. The leaves are linear (needle shaped) or scales. The ovules are naked, not enclosed in an ovary, and there are no true flowers. Most species are monoecious, with many bearing cones.

There are four Pinophyta families that have native species in New Zealand, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Podocarpaceae and the recently established Phyllocladaceae, with a total of 9 genera and 20 species.

KEYS

Families

Allan, H.H. 1961: Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, Government Printer, Wellington

Poole, A. L. & N. M. Adams 1994: Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington.

Genera in Podocarpaceae

Connor, H.E. & Edgar, E. 1987: Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1993-1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany 25(1): 115-170.

Quinn, C.J. 1982: Taxonomy of Dacrydium Sol. ex Lamb. emend. de Laub. (Podocarpaceae). Australian Journal of Botany30: 311-320.

References

Allan, H.H. 1961: Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, Government Printer, Wellington.

Connor, H.E. & Edgar, E. 1987: Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1993-1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany 25(1): 115-170.

Markham, K.R., R.F. Webby, B.P.J. Molloy & C. Vilian 1989: Support from flavonoid glycoside distribution for the division of Dacrydium sense lato. New Zealand Journal of Botany 27: 1-11.

Molloy, B. P. J. 1996: A new species name in Phyllocladus (Phyllocladaceae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 34(3):287-297.

Molloy, B. P. J. 1996: Manoao (Podocarpaceae), a new monotypic conifer genus endemic to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 183-201.

Molloy, B. P. J. & K. R. Markham 1999: A contribution to the taxonomy of Phyllocladus (Phyllocladaceae) from the distribution of key flavonoids. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 37(3):375-382.

Poole, A. L. & N. M. Adams 1994: Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington.

Quinn, C.J. 1982: Taxonomy of Dacrydium Sol. ex Lamb. emend. de Laub. (Podocarpaceae). Australian Journal of Botany30: 311-320

Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes & P.J. Garnock-Jones 1988: Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV, DSIR Wellington.

Bobrov, A.V.CH., A.P. Melikian, & E.YU. Yembaturova 1999: Seed morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of Phyllocladus L.C. & A. Rich. ex Mirb. (Phyllocladaceae (Pilg.) Bessy) in connection with the generic system and phylogeny. Annals of Botany 83: 601-618.